Learning Processes in the Acquisition of a Tool Using Task by Captive Chimpanzees

M. L. Celli, M. Tomonaga, T. Udono, M. Teramoto, & K. Nagano
pp. 70-81.

Abstract

Wild chimpanzees commonly use a great variety of tools, e. g. the use of sticks to fish for ants, termites or honey. This behavior, among others, is believed to be socially transmitted across generations, however, limited visibility in the wild hinders detailed studies. In a restricted captive situation, the learning processes underlying the acquisition and development of tool use for fishing honey by three pairs of chimpanzees were investigated. The subjects, presented with novel artificial materials to be used as tools, showed a rapid acquisition of the behavior, possibly due to previous experience in another tool-mediated task and the simplicity of this simulation. Dominants demonstrated superior performance over Subordinates, possibly due to greater access to the setting. Trial-and-error was the main learning process observed. However, observation of conspecifics occurred, with Dominants providing models, thereby giving Subordinates the opportunity of associating knowledge, through object and/or stimulus enhancement.

Key words: tool-use, honey-fishing, chimpanzee, learning processes